Štítky: somatická embryogeneze

 Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a root crop native to the Andean region. Low sexual reproductive capacity is a major constraint facing the genetic breeding of this crop. Biotechnological techniques offer alternative ways to widen genetic variability. We investigated somaclonal variation in regenerants of yacon derived from in vitro somatic embryogenesis using simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis and flow cytometry.

Maritime pine somatic embryos (SEs) require a reduction in water availability (high gellan gum concentration in the maturation medium) to reach the cotyledonary stage. This key switch, reported specifically for pine species, is not yet well understood. To facilitate the use of somatic embryogenesis for mass propagation of conifers, we need a better understanding of embryo development.

Vondráková Z, Eliášová K, Vágner M, Martincová O, Cvikrová M:

Exogenous putrescine affects endogenous polyamine levels and the development of Picea abies somatic embryos. 

PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 75: 405-414, 2015.

Higher polyamine levels of fully developed embryos had positive effects on their ability to tolerate UV-B irradiation when compared with induced response s of early embryos. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the higher levels of polyamines (PAs) might be involved in the response of Norway spruce somatic embryos to UV-B irradiation. We compare here the effects of 0.1, 0.6 and 6 W m-2 h-1 UV-B irradiation on polyamine metabolism in early and fully developed Norway spruce somatic embryos.

Key message The results of this study indicate the roles of polyamines and phenylpropanoids in the prevention of oxidative damage provoked by UV-B treatment. Abstract Plants respond to UV-B exposure by synthesizing a broad range of secondary metabolites, including ROSscavenging antioxidants and UV-B screening phenylpropanoids. Our recent results indicated that the accumulation of higher levels of polyamines in fully developed somatic embryos of Norway spruce may be causally linked to better tolerance of UV-B irradiation.

Somatic embryogenesis represents a useful system for the study of the process of embryogenesis as well as a convenient system for the clonal propagation of conifers. It consists of 5 steps: induction of embryogenic culture from somatic cells of zygotic embryos; proliferation, i.e. the development and multiplication of early somatic embryos; maturation, desiccation, and germination followed by embling´s development.

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) in conifers is governed by a complex network of hormonal metabolic and signaling pathways. Changes in the patterns and concentrations of endogenous phytohormones including auxins, cytokinins (CKs), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonates, and salicylic acid (SA) were analyzed in the course of SE in Norway spruce (Picea abies).