It is necessary to find convenient and measurable criteria for the evaluation of seeds/embryos quality before germination because of a long time interval between the preparation of seeds or embryos (before germination) and obtaining the seedlings or emblings. The success of all treatments before germination is assessed by the quality of the newly formed plants only.
Vondráková Z, Eliášová K, Vágner M, Martincová O, Cvikrová M:
Exogenous putrescine affects endogenous polyamine levels and the development of Picea abies somatic embryos.
PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 75: 405-414, 2015.
Higher polyamine levels of fully developed embryos had positive effects on their ability to tolerate UV-B irradiation when compared with induced response s of early embryos. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the higher levels of polyamines (PAs) might be involved in the response of Norway spruce somatic embryos to UV-B irradiation. We compare here the effects of 0.1, 0.6 and 6 W m-2 h-1 UV-B irradiation on polyamine metabolism in early and fully developed Norway spruce somatic embryos.
Key message The results of this study indicate the roles of polyamines and phenylpropanoids in the prevention of oxidative damage provoked by UV-B treatment. Abstract Plants respond to UV-B exposure by synthesizing a broad range of secondary metabolites, including ROSscavenging antioxidants and UV-B screening phenylpropanoids. Our recent results indicated that the accumulation of higher levels of polyamines in fully developed somatic embryos of Norway spruce may be causally linked to better tolerance of UV-B irradiation.
Somatic embryogenesis is a developmental process by which a plant somatic cell can dedifferentiate to a totipotent embryonic stem cell that has the ability to give rise to an embryo under appropriate conditions. Desiccation is the final phase of normal embryonic development in most angiosperms and appears to be important in the transition from embryogeny to the ability to germinate and form normal seedlings. Different conditions during desiccation affect the biochemical changes that occur during this phase.
Somatic embryogenesis represents a useful system for the study of the process of embryogenesis as well as a convenient system for the clonal propagation of conifers. It consists of 5 steps: induction of embryogenic culture from somatic cells of zygotic embryos; proliferation, i.e. the development and multiplication of early somatic embryos; maturation, desiccation, and germination followed by embling´s development.
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) in conifers is governed by a complex network of hormonal metabolic and signaling pathways. Changes in the patterns and concentrations of endogenous phytohormones including auxins, cytokinins (CKs), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonates, and salicylic acid (SA) were analyzed in the course of SE in Norway spruce (Picea abies).
